Which painting style is NOT associated with landscape representations?

The Ashcan School is primarily characterized by its focus on urban life and social realism, depicting scenes of everyday life in American cities during the early 20th century. Artists associated with this movement often illustrated the gritty, dynamic, and sometimes harsh realities of urban existence, rather than landscapes. In contrast, the other options are strongly linked to landscape representation in various forms.

The Hudson River School, for instance, is renowned for its romanticized depictions of American landscapes, particularly those in the Hudson River Valley. Art Nouveau often incorporated flowing, organic forms inspired by nature, which can include landscapes. Minimalism, although it can be abstract, sometimes embraces landscape in a way that emphasizes shape, form, and the relationship between the artwork and the viewer's environment. Thus, the Ashcan School stands out as the style least associated with landscape representations.