Which of the following art forms is associated with Middle Eastern Art?

The association of mosaic and calligraphy with Middle Eastern art is deeply rooted in the region's cultural and religious traditions. Mosaic art, known for its intricate designs and vibrant colors, has been a prominent decorative form in Islamic architecture and public spaces for centuries. It involves creating images or patterns using small pieces of colored glass, stone, or other materials. This technique reflects both the aesthetic and spiritual aspects of Islamic culture, often conveying religious themes or geometric patterns that avoid direct representation of human figures.

Calligraphy holds an equally important place in Middle Eastern art, particularly due to the Islamic prohibition against idolatry, which has led to a focus on the beauty of writing instead of figurative representation. Arabic calligraphy is celebrated for its artistic form and is often used to embellish buildings, manuscripts, and various art objects. The stylization of letters and the incorporation of quotes from the Qur'an add both beauty and spiritual significance to artworks.

These two forms not only highlight the artistic skills of the region's craftsmen and artists but also reflect the social and religious values of Middle Eastern societies. Together, mosaic and calligraphy embody a rich heritage that is emblematic of the region's art history.