Which architectural feature is characteristic of Byzantine architecture?

Central planning with a pendentive dome is a defining characteristic of Byzantine architecture. The use of the pendentive allows for the creation of a large dome to be placed over a square space, a notable engineering advancement of the time. This architectural technique allows the dome to rest on four corners, effectively transitioning the weight and allowing the interior of the building to be spacious and grand. This design is exemplified in significant structures like the Hagia Sophia in Istanbul, where the central dome dominates the structure, creating a sense of upward movement and grandeur.

The emphasis on central planning aligns with the spiritual and ceremonial purposes of many Byzantine churches, reflecting the importance of symmetry and a focal point in their design, which is often the dome, symbolizing heaven. This architectural feature has influenced the design of many subsequent buildings, particularly in religious architecture.