What technique involves using varying tones of a single color in a work of art?

The technique that involves using varying tones of a single color in a work of art is known as a monochromatic color scheme. This approach is characterized by the employment of one base color along with its lighter and darker shades, which are created by adding white or black, respectively. This method can create a cohesive and harmonious visual effect in artworks, as it emphasizes the emotional qualities and nuances of the chosen color while maintaining unity throughout the piece.

In a monochromatic scheme, the artist can explore depth, contrast, and temperature variations within the same color family, resulting in a rich and complex composition. This technique is particularly effective in establishing mood and expression, as different tones can elicit various feelings and responses from the viewer.

Other color schemes, such as analogous, complementary, and triadic, utilize different combinations of colors and do not focus solely on one color's variations. This makes them distinct from the monochromatic approach, which revolves around the singular focus on the exploration of a tone's potential.