What does the term "medium" refer to in art?

The term "medium" in art specifically refers to the material or technique used to create a piece. This encompasses a wide variety of substances and methods; for instance, if an artist creates a painting using oil paints, the medium is oil paint. Similarly, if a sculpture is made from bronze, bronze is the medium. The choice of medium can profoundly influence the aesthetic qualities and overall impact of the artwork, as different materials can evoke various textures, colors, and forms. Understanding the medium helps viewers appreciate the technical skills involved in the artwork's creation and the artist's choices regarding expression and technique.