What defines the 'golden ratio' as it pertains to design and architecture?

The golden ratio is defined as a mathematical ratio, approximately 1.618, that is often associated with aesthetics in design and architecture. This proportion is believed to create naturally pleasing compositions and shapes, making it a preferred guideline for artists, architects, and designers throughout history.

When applied to design, the golden ratio provides a framework for proportion that can lead to a sense of harmony and balance in visual elements. This principle can be observed in various forms of art and in the natural world, which enhances its appeal and effectiveness in creating visually engaging compositions. Works by artists like Leonardo da Vinci and architects such as Le Corbusier demonstrate the application of the golden ratio, showcasing its influence in achieving beauty and proportion in their designs.

The other options do not accurately describe the golden ratio in the context of design and architecture. A standard measurement for building height, a method of calculating area, and a technique for structural engineering lack the aesthetic and proportional implications inherent in the golden ratio. Thus, option B stands out as the correct definition associated with this important concept.