What characterizes Mannerism in art?

Mannerism is characterized by dynamic compositions that often feature exaggerated limbs and unnatural poses. This artistic movement emerged in the late Renaissance, around the 1520s, as a reaction to the balanced harmony and proportion typical of earlier Renaissance works. Mannerist artists sought to express complexity, emotion, and tension through their compositions, resulting in figures that might appear elongated or distorted in ways that defy the naturalistic portrayal of the human body. This stylization deliberately strays from realism, allowing for a more expressive and dramatic interpretation of the human figure and space, which distinguishes Mannerism from the preceding artistic norms.

The other options describe elements that either reflect the principles of Renaissance art or other art movements. Strict adherence to naturalism and proportion would be more characteristic of High Renaissance styles, while the use of dark colors and somber themes often aligns with Baroque art. Additionally, a focus on simplicity and minimal detail characterizes movements like Minimalism, which is not representative of Mannerist aesthetics. Thus, the distinctive traits of Mannerism showcase a unique departure towards heightened emotional expression and complexity in art.