In art, what does the term 'foreshortening' mean?

The term 'foreshortening' refers to a technique used in art to depict an object or figure in a way that clearly conveys depth and perspective. When an artist employs foreshortening, they manipulate the proportions of the subject to create the illusion that parts of the subject are closer to the viewer while others are farther away. This results in a more dynamic and realistic representation, as the viewer’s eye perceives the three-dimensional qualities of the object or figure on a two-dimensional surface. By adjusting size and perspective, artists can effectively portray how we perceive objects in space, making this technique vital for creating a sense of realism in their work.